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Benjamin Robbins Curtis (November 4, 1809 – September 15, 1874) was an American attorney and United States Supreme Court Justice. Curtis was the first and only Whig justice of the Supreme Court. He was also the first Supreme Court justice to have a formal legal degree and is the only justice to have resigned from the court over a matter of principle. He successfully acted as chief counsel for President Andrew Johnson during the first presidential impeachment trial and is notable as one of the two dissenters in the ''Dred Scott'' decision.〔(Famous Dissents - Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) ) PBS. Retrieved August 20, 2012.〕 ==Biography== Benjamin Curtis was born November 4, 1809 in Watertown, Massachusetts, the son of Lois Robbins and Benjamin Curtis, the captain of a merchant vessel. Young Curtis attended common school in Newton and beginning in 1825 Harvard College, where he won an essay writing contest in his junior year. He graduated in 1829, a member of Phi Beta Kappa.〔(Supreme Court Justices Who Are Phi Beta Kappa Members ), Phi Beta Kappa website, accessed Oct 4, 2009〕 He subsequently graduated from Harvard Law School in 1831 and was admitted to the bar the following year. In 1834, he moved to Boston where he joined the law firm of Charles P Curtis Esquire. In 1836, Curtis participated in the Massachusetts "freedom suit" of ''Commonwealth v. Aves'' on behalf of the defendant.〔''Commonwealth v. Aves,'' 18 Pick. 193 (Mass. 1836).〕 When New Orleans resident Mary Slater went to Boston to visit her father, Thomas Aves, she brought with her a young slave girl about six years of age, named Med. While in Boston, Slater fell ill and asked her father to take care of Med until she (Slater) recovered. The Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society and others sought a writ of ''habeas corpus'' against Aves, contending that Med became free by virtue of her mistress' having brought her voluntarily into Massachusetts. Aves responded to the writ, answering that Med was his daughter's slave, and that he was holding Med as his daughter's agent. Curtis was one of the attorneys who argued the case on behalf of Aves. The Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, through its Chief Justice, Lemuel Shaw, ruled that Med was free, and made her a ward of the court. The Massachusetts decision was considered revolutionary at the time. While previous decisions ruled that slaves voluntarily brought into a free state, and who resided there many years, became free, Aves was the first decision which held that a slave voluntarily brought into a free state became free from the first moment of arrival. The decision in this freedom suit engendered controversy and helped to alienate the South. It was in contrast to the Dred Scott decision, in which Curtis participated as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.〔("Commonwealth v. Aves" ), retrieved 11-26-10〕 Curtis became a Harvard Fellow in February 1846. In 1849, he was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives.〔(The Political Graveyard )〕 Appointed chairman of a committee to reform state judicial procedures, they presented the Massachusetts Practice Act of 1851. "It was considered a model of judicial reform and was approved by the legislature without amendment."〔(Benjamin Robbins Curtis, Timeline of the Court, ) Supreme Court Historical Society.〕 At the time, Curtis was viewed as a rival to Rufus Choate, and was thought to be the preeminent leader of the New England bar. He came from a politically connected family, and had studied under Joseph Story and John Hooker Ashmun〔(''Judge Benjamin R. Curtis, A Memoir of Benjamin Robbins Curtis, LL.D. With Some of his Professional and Miscellaneous Writings,'' Edited by Benjamin R. Curtis, Jr. (October 19, 1879). ) New York Times, New Publications,〕 at Harvard Law School. His legal arguments were thought to be well-reasoned and persuasive. He was a Whig and in tune with their politics, and Whigs were in power. As a potential young appointee, he was thought to be the seed of a long and productive judicial career. He was appointed by the president, approved by the Senate, elevated to the bench, but was gone in six years.〔(Leach, Richard H. "Benjamin Robins Curtis, Judicial Misfit" ), ''The New England Quarterly,'' Vol. 25, No. 4 (Dec., 1952), pp. 507-523〕 Curtis had 12 children and was three times married.〔.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Benjamin Robbins Curtis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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